跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第五章 2013年12月24日 圣诞快乐！

6 w6 B" V5 r6 C mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: ) {. G2 `( E0 A) z2 K& @$ WTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网3 i; Q7 O( x. V mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ5 `4 t) Q5 j9 u font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; * W, `) C5 f S, ~4 F, [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。+ E, J7 B: A/ X8 e& |5 G5 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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" o0 A8 C6 w8 A% k% R% \ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 5 R* S& m0 }( b4 F4 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：7 z. i H" C- T) ], A3 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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/ O/ e7 N" B5 K! Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; / P4 [' E+ ^! Y" e) A/ k6 E2 C8 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第8 L: s' I: f) k% O5 \: j N mso-font-kerning:0pt">5; D9 G# R$ H( ]5 z font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：0 O# P3 q$ k1 M0 U6 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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( b( e- O- |1 `2•5 ) [! m, X5 P/ _- o9 ] o* qTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; # B6 V$ r8 M5 `1 P& Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：3 U- @+ _9 H3 V" X$ Z mso-font-kerning:0pt">“ _& O" I; P' p% d mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ! o. X. y" v; h- d4 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。, ?" }; b9 t4 u" U ]6 j mso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 ?; B% o6 m" `% Ymso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ~, D! ~5 x! E. }# b( \mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：, ^+ o y$ Z2 E* r1 |9 N) omso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ }, Y6 V: ]' s7 h, _( S" z& s mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ; P/ ~: p! N4 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。, |9 E9 g% a; J. A7 ~color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”- v6 C1 ?1 R! O" VTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; % L. I$ c5 A8 e3 j0 l/ i5 x( Smso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：* h0 {0 W4 Y+ {8 Q a2 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# D5 T' b$ X1 ?, U2 O: x7 a0 imso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？0 [" `0 L0 `, b6 T! { mso-font-kerning:0pt">”- o& ?; D6 g- J/ K mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; , c3 ]! R6 C5 K, ~1 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：% K; f/ V& i( `7 J2 M1 W mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 U; _) k! b. I" t mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 7 M& I+ n) g) H- A0 ~/ lmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。0 `5 H3 j% x+ r- m: A5 ]( Y' icolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”

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9 q$ f+ C! k0 P5 U# A- g! c 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
4 D, ?. Y9 O5 B" c7 J+ o8 e$ |; t/ t. @) H5 C7 s6 zTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。* E& ^: `3 r9 i+ H8 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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0 v# t$ N0 H- J8 y+ _( j( H5 h4 G3 u! @3 O- L' y0 P3 i Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 1 q) w* M5 f+ N5 d* m* J; Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说： `& J- k: D4 `5 n: I& O9 M10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ J( Z c$ j, Pmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。) K& G( U. E. k L3 y# r) m 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”% X T; P# @7 q mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; $ }. V7 j1 N% a6 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：" _: i' p0 m- h" Y+ f0pt">"1 ^( A8 W( d4 x9 l mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: $ B& F) e {# J+ fTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。/ a- w/ j ]3 ?% \ mso-font-kerning:0pt">"" x+ l) o# \/ H9 ]& T$ u8 T! F# G7 S font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 1 g+ ?- K4 F ^, s* Y2 g o. bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：/ z0 t9 H4 a7 Z* A" n% R& ~ mso-font-kerning:0pt">"! v. ?0 z% ]4 M Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 5 ?8 r8 t: Q$ G9 J8 S- D" j9 Y4 O' Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢/ K. X# |8 |. y- Y7 h mso-font-kerning:0pt">?" , J. {9 \/ u+ V* b$ ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; " B+ ]) a9 u. K: R d2 Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：' X0 S, Q X, v1 ^+ U, I mso-font-kerning:0pt">"' ~' {8 i9 Y L9 jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ! c7 ^6 y, _- s9 c7 i4 cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。% O) h3 [! ^! T mso-font-kerning:0pt">"

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2 c' g u' b3 ?) X' H 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
& D3 k a$ P' w) a6 l' z1 d$ a: b8 R, p* _( W/ ~10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 2 r/ v2 c- Z5 ~4 t+ J6 h, {5 Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是1 O7 r" Z1 a& m4 q) f6 X6 S 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 O7 O! \' E( A4 I9 S# K font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 3 ^ K& z( T0 {: `0 }+ r" t; r/ h- Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违) b }4 W& ~, e! G7 x/ N 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”- \6 ]' {/ r$ s+ `: m: p' K6 z font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">？! Q) c9 ?) c4 ~* [0 L 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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- s" M7 h* V( XTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得; f+ y3 q/ o* Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 Q o! p+ Q! A) p6 W/ i! L font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; , h+ l* q2 R% }8 [& cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违. u% S5 A3 D" b2 O; j) P+ n. t mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 ~1 o. w& v: p$ K+ o) r font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; # |3 O$ r& _6 P( _8 n3 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲3 T* K8 z6 x6 o" zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 h& o, }" v+ ^; _. u font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违% w; j/ r) C# W) F" x mso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 G5 T* v" [' e& ` font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，# i |2 t9 V4 r nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 Z3 W: d$ {- N font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。$ m$ G3 w- _+ O4 C2 |2 r4 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">”& P' g- @7 M6 l! J% U3 N# _( xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。1 Q3 R0 h) e% f: u+ nmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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3 B' K) f7 U0 N. x& {10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
7 A6 z4 F( E9 D10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？. K% {0 f5 \/ ~* e1 k3 T3 [% V 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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* o+ ^8 j6 b8 G, z6 h10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
( S$ t5 [) ?% B2 q2 }* Z$ F$ t Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; & p% n/ V" F8 ]+ ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。8 F! n# \; P- L* f* T mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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$ @8 ^/ V: l2 I- e9 J0 n" ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; % m) T1 n+ u/ e5 Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：6 U+ K0 G$ o1 Y, i- ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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* @9 \) d6 t% f% b; q10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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# W! x, H+ T% J G1 Mmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: & H+ ], @9 L. q( ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义/ |" w7 m6 @4 z( O1 p' y }) l+ Q mso-font-kerning:0pt">
9 ^7 n$ v1 X* \" P) V# t) \' |( n$ |; j3 f3 ~2 b: GTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 5 e) ?4 a4 s3 Q! M, Z1 i y1 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">更准确些！ }$ L# z- S8 N6 P$ Q9 t 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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& l( Y. u3 ?9 D mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：. g5 E* l5 x. W6 T+ P) W& | _0pt">

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: u b8 n( h3 {- k5 ^mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 6 w1 h" r2 W5 Z% u% K, xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！; B7 m, e9 N; Z' p8 d F5 l mso-font-kerning:0pt">——; S3 c& Q" A- c% A" G/ rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; , G5 i# J2 c. I3 o9 f: m& {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。4 o. y/ M! b# J5 c; ymso-font-kerning:0pt">

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1 H, N8 q# F" W, `! | mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述! ~3 [: ?$ v/ J$ T. ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">2* Z; D( p- y5 Q `0 j9 b# i9 }- s5 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊" D' r5 J( j' s6 d7 w mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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孝经

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3 U6 P& i3 A9 ^! w% a mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。; g; l8 @/ Y4 n% r# A6 B" l4 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">——3 q4 @- P6 s6 d" Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。4 q! o ?& \* W" t0 g( W mso-font-kerning:0pt">——' {1 J& W5 e: `" z' D font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：' C7 m1 y5 J1 _# D mso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 [" `* k$ z# ? font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; % v: J& [+ P% kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。4 s J2 R& d- Y5 l. |( qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”( n# r; D, u) p# Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个% d: S1 M6 o; T5 P mso-font-kerning:0pt">“% {8 Q8 h! Z5 ], Q/ z$ o& U3 Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬0 H9 S9 |4 A( y. Q' j; p1 R mso-font-kerning:0pt">”: f1 J* e* V2 X( c9 }# |) x) z% i font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为9 K. @9 G' ^; b' Z% b+ M3 g7 R3 M0 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“( f* i( ?* q |9 k font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; W9 z, V( @+ q% T; e; Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道$ i. K3 p$ i9 c2 K mso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 V# k x! _: t8 _: T# pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 9 ~7 T8 e+ [6 e& Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。" t R% ]' r( e% m9 o& v/ M4 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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8 d0 n! O3 r' ^ mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：- C: ^. e/ \3 P( ~8 P7 T0 a ^0pt">

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8 ^4 L U9 V+ [2 v( P0 ?. v/ k mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的, L5 a- _# G) a7 ~( W1 C+ l mso-font-kerning:0pt">“! z( G# T; ^$ n font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺% P0 k4 K! e+ z9 s" amso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 [$ o* W3 r: X font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; : j7 }9 Y: B: s+ h8 h! emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思! C3 I3 y0 T+ d- w9 h mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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现在用法律手段规定子女要常回家看看，但是由于时间、金钱等各方面的原因，又有多少人是想回而不能回的呢，这个道德层面的问题上升到法律层面到底有什么意义，始终不大明白

贾老师讲得不错，大家发言很踊跃，尤其那个“小风飕飕地”发言很积极，很好！大家要向他学习！{:soso_e128:}

学习、领会、顿悟、提高，贾老师讲的精彩，大家都很出彩。老秘网我们的共同的平台!

贾老师在研究古人和古汉语方面有研究，佩服

我这里显示也是一堆乱码，怎么回事

好好学习，天天向上{:soso_e195:}

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

我这里显示的是一堆乱码！！

不错，学习了，佩服佩服