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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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: I9 ~$ {* `% z( STahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第; n4 O2 `* ]5 _: b$ r# @( s
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1 I+ Y& b: A. W( L$ G5 G7 h& E; g; dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：( f5 f& e4 I" x9 J5 g0 n) t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。: z' I; |; \8 n
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( s! _$ z# h8 ^ y3 x qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经" ]2 I: L" m' A2 H0 D3 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">•. c5 R% |* A" _! Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 [, R; p; A# O6 T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。$ Z0 `; S9 |5 A- w" n( F
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. y: y. Y2 ^9 x- S- ~9 h6 NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：5 V% v% [$ W9 s# d; S* Q% L
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3 O7 C; P Z, X9 j' \2 emso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是6 z7 O! `% _% @/ \
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' @, G8 C- t( ^7 c% vmso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。' R+ o& o. @: p
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& o. V! m% o3 ~, JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？. t# e3 @9 s( J$ @
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，/ A' ^) z q. h# Umso-font-kerning:0pt">"; }" |: J2 V* M2 o0 x/ s9 D
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐& q& m2 B) H# G7 {6 P" d( ~
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3 v" f2 Y9 ~/ _' I: U4 ^; d8 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语) }' D) C, I+ a2 R& A/ b( A
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! [3 f! J8 Y! Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种* `9 H$ z. H/ |mso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 T6 P2 l1 M3 W9 `* Q J' L& \ f+ y5 L! ^
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( p# _2 V2 C4 \7 h4 x0 }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的2 H1 g! g( M# A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，$ l( R9 a! z4 g. V9 o! ~- amso-font-kerning:0pt">“) y1 T k4 x; e+ D) G. ~! f+ s! L: Q, _4 Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 h# f1 M8 J1 K6 G( Q8 [
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教) R$ a. @# t* W* m( G- ?; f: l% d+ {: [
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: l" u, Q& U$ a7 R2 E( `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教& Q9 O" M; n% q: h3 I3 M. Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 h' k) m6 W7 x, T+ Y5 V) G* w: Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. k9 e' C" N4 b3 X; m; A! O: R
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。+ x" X/ @) c9 E T
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) w. p9 w# Y& T, R- X/ Q* X* }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌, d/ @) M7 T) g Q$ M' x
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" [1 l) A6 N/ `- emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视' i4 i/ I% g W7 ]* c9 P6 Q, ~, g
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, G S, L% X: v f4 P0 _5 b3 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：, {: c! r+ u. r4 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 F( k0 V3 z$ t5 Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 w4 z7 V' F2 L; d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语& X: c% t% F/ H- p! H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）4 I& D/ @3 ]/ i' x% I# S9 C" fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: d; R) v n; q& l: Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" ^! {1 I, M6 x& M. m; imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。% w. A1 c" ^; c3 n
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( W! Y" k$ h$ M, Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过+ {8 B6 q0 j0 C( Y* wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! |7 @! z! }! i5 W. Y+ U$ c; ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨- E+ r, i4 P+ o7 ^! b7 {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。' C: X5 B8 \) ~1 m1 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ! D0 a q: _4 ], a# N$ ^* [: O/ y' z
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) d6 w% b" \. B8 ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。6 O0 ?0 ?7 ?6 f& V3 v# Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">"" r2 }& R6 Q* E/ ]. ?" w
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4 Q% e2 o. }- d7 Y# Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。9 F7 g& y6 x4 o% }. W0 [
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。% q0 l1 g) z! V+ m( \mso-font-kerning:0pt">——) K2 }+ m9 }" k8 N& I; S* I! sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ s8 H+ U+ g i' v
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/ Q3 Y3 ?1 l' ^7 N, y q4 Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”+ p3 T8 ` q3 a7 e/ |
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3 @& z& {4 n) g$ @3 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。2 O Z3 y) R tmso-font-kerning:0pt"> , x. n; {2 D0 a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。% q0 f$ p: b! v. _6 ~/ jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”( m8 P- b' t8 A2 B( Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% ~! f' n! E! j: {) }1 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于: W, L2 n0 o% i% U. T& Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- R* S4 s/ K; x. [8 N2 l# Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( i8 M0 _- @4 D4 I( @8 H- R
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/ x9 |4 V; o/ ^3 x, Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群. O# j" ~# d: V3 Q: D" n. J7 |# dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”( Z* o" D# j9 w( J! E9 Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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; L5 _: M+ R( s& H& |: Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨2 O% V, O& I2 D/ x- x: G; P2 L' e
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# K* ?- M1 A# ]) P C. @3 e5 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓% W3 Y+ @5 c* imso-font-kerning:0pt">“! N" p$ n7 d+ V ?4 H; G7 S/ efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 I8 O7 k( g- @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓4 R" c: z. U" |1 P+ t: v6 l8 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓9 y" O: |& a+ x9 j+ P$ rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 R( E9 @" a4 ?6 J6 efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" ]' H2 [1 V8 R7 k `! Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群9 d5 ~3 `- X' D, A. p
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# ?7 d8 J) U9 L" f+ O5 |6 k. bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓2 ^1 U ]5 @8 S7 G Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# h( K7 L5 @0 r2 G% z/ a, ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
) n% z( l0 B/ O7 j4 w8 K5 c; `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨& D! D# Q! D% L- H% G9 `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼* X E! Z) J7 P( f3 Q0 D, O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤' V/ `# Q* e% Z5 j1 ^5 A) B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语; f! d& B, {: S8 z2 L: J
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8 ]- ^" @5 w, d' bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能. X$ O$ L* u) Y" R7 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& W6 l! O F a! xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 M! T: x1 p3 _+ W! \2 ?: A- imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒" D: C# U+ v8 C* o8 S' T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人7 Q A0 i" D, z; E9 Q; P% }. _7 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 |- }8 t; e5 @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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" \3 b2 |( \! H8 h% R, z; Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。! O# M3 j9 P1 D$ X8 w2 k% ^mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 7 _- @- w! x2 f; M4 Z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。9 t* w3 }7 L @- O! J5 U
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- A# N% e2 G6 o' QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。: H3 c* N$ |& m1 ]* q6 ]$ e. i s- ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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" ^1 a7 l) Q4 q1 h7 t. s3 G; l2 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱% _# P, z" f) D9 }
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
