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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 0 ~- R; @0 Z' R9 l5 o
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8 v; u( u1 U, r3 B+ g# t- z) iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第4 \4 P1 \8 [, ~+ a; c# Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">1; ], T, G. _+ r' H8 k
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：2 P' \( y. b% j& c+ p$ L; j
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。4 J5 N" `0 c+ R8 [/ vcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。2 ^2 x8 J; X8 k8 d- n$ H
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。: H0 _/ e& E/ p
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？( }) w& }" ^* B; _% g# wcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。, i% [0 R+ B" f z0 T- @: imso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 E/ H7 t3 ^9 e8 ~ Q0 G+ x; {, S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢# }, S3 ? J$ R: ^! p5 l0 H' c* l( lmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 R* u9 u* f) V
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! D% S( |$ h; F1 k$ ` qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。/ v; j0 k+ [8 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新" }9 q$ ~, [8 Q: H; G
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! |, N2 f" j4 ^" RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白/ D! {3 B1 o* X: J! l: v- wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学- {* u1 g' r* K4 _
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么% H; T3 m. @. F1 l7 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">——; q+ n& O8 }9 F7 f. Y; ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# z. Z9 U6 D1 t4 ~
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？2 P# U( g( h" `/ ^8 q1 M& l6 F3 ]
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊& U6 u" N9 z( [( {$ E/ w
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚, h. D" J' z+ I
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！6 w. f4 G! p) ~6 [2 M- J/ ]
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假# T8 n; |* {0 {' Q, ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 s9 N" H! O( p2 lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是4 I* {8 x! j+ _% Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' }4 h$ [% s4 e3 dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! F5 f* T4 y1 D. o! \6 |2 [
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题9 O" ]5 a# \! \8 a' N8 a N7 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”" K# |6 @: b/ L# s2 }1 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- H7 O5 N9 c. Z9 m+ `3 W
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。# `3 b u0 }, X0 E0 O H7 w9 t6 A
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) Z/ j, S1 a* V+ `# M$ M; ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴5 T' m k, W# E
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1 x! c- U# }! |0 ~& A n% l8 X. vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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